✳ MIDKERNEL RESEARCH LAB
SOLAR OBSERVATORY
EXPERIMENT 001

Gravity,
in perspective.

Eight worlds. One star.
A solar system shaped by Einstein.

General relativity, in the weak-field limit.

06 / THE RINGED WORLD

Saturn

An immense world of hydrogen and helium, surrounded by a disk of ice.

DISTANCE FROM SUN—
NEWTON / 1PN SEPARATION—
MODEL COORDINATE TIME01 JAN 2025
Planet sizes enlarged · Distances compressed · Rotation illustrativeDRAG TO ORBIT · SCROLL TO EXPLORE

Preparing the observatory

Loading planetary trajectories and surface maps…

A VIEW INTO THE MODEL

Real calculations.
Readable scale.

The Sun and eight planetary systems are numerically integrated from a fixed JPL Horizons snapshot: 1 January 2025 TDB, for twenty Julian years.

Einstein uses REBOUNDx’s all-body first post-Newtonian correction. Newton uses the same initial state without that correction. The difference is subtle at Solar System scales; switching models does not create a dramatic visual jump.

Planets represent their system barycenters, including satellite masses. Moon motion, asteroids, solar oblateness, higher relativistic orders and light propagation are omitted. This is not a precision ephemeris.

Planet sizes are enlarged for visibility. Atlas mode compresses radial distances; linear mode preserves distance ratios. Rotation, atmospheric glow, lighting, and ring detail are illustrative. Faint orbit guides are osculating Kepler ellipses at the initial epoch.

Planet maps: Solar System Scope / INOVE, CC BY 4.0. NASA-based, color-adjusted imagery. Rendered with Three.js. Decorative stars are not a navigational sky map.

MIDKERNEL / EXPERIMENTS